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能源 3

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燃料电池 2

碳中和 2

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中国和美国；洁净煤技术；现状；发展趋势；战略建议 1

二氧化碳利用 1

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The road to sustainable use and waste management of plastics in Portugal

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 5-5 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1439-x

摘要：

• Portugal recycles 34% of the 40 kg/hab year of plastic packaging waste.

关键词： Single-use plastics     Plastic packaging     Plastic waste     Waste management     Waste shipment     Lightweight plastic bags    

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Microbial biodegradation of plastics: Challenges, opportunities, and a critical perspective

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1596-6

摘要：

● Health hazards of plastic waste on environment are discussed.

关键词： Plastic-waste     Polymers     Health-hazards     Biodegradation     Microorganisms     Enzymes    

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Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of a synthetic mixture representative of packaging plastics residue

Simona Colantonio, Lorenzo Cafiero, Doina De Angelis, Nicolò M. Ippolito, Riccardo Tuffi, Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 288-303 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1875-3

摘要： A synthetic mixture of real waste packaging plastics representative of the residue from a material recovery facility (plasmix) was submitted to thermal and catalytic pyrolysis. Preliminary thermogravimetry experiments coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed to evaluate the effects of the catalysts on the polymers’ degradation temperatures and to determine the main compounds produced during pyrolysis. The thermal and catalytic experiments were conducted at 370°C, 450°C and 650°C using a bench scale reactor. The oil, gas, and char yields were analyzed and the compositions of the reaction products were compared. The primary aim of this study was to understand the effects of zeolitic hydrogen ultra stable zeolite Y (HUSY) and hydrogen zeolite socony mobil-5 (HZSM5) catalysts with high silica content on the pyrolysis process and the products’ quality. Thermogravimetry showed that HUSY significantly reduces the degradation temperature of all the polymers—particularly the polyolefines. HZSM5 had a significant effect on the degradation of polyethylene due to its smaller pore size. Mass balance showed that oil is always the main product of pyrolysis, regardless of the process conditions. However, all pyrolysis runs performed at 370°C were incomplete. The use of either zeolites resulted in a decrease in the heavy oil fraction and the prevention of wax formation. HUSY has the best performance in terms of the total monoaromatic yield (29 wt-% at 450°C), while HZSM5 promoted the production of gases (41 wt-% at 650°C). Plasmix is a potential input material for pyrolysis that is positively affected by the presence of the two tested zeolites. A more effective separation of polyethylene terephthalate during the selection process could lead to higher quality pyrolysis products.

关键词： packaging plastics waste     plasmix     pyrolysis     zeolite catalyst     degradation temperature    

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Prediction of cutting forces in machining of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced plastics composite

Surinder Kumar GILL, Meenu GUPTA, P. S. SATSANGI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第8卷 第2期   页码 187-200 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0262-x

摘要：

Machining of plastic materials has become increasingly important in any engineering industry subsequently the prediction of cutting forces. Forces quality has greater influence on components, which are coming in contact with each other. So it becomes necessary to measure and study machined forces and its behavior. In this research work, experimental investigations are conducted to determine the effects of cutting conditions and tool geometry on the cutting forces in the turning of the unidirectional glass fiber reinforced plastics (UD-GFRP) composites. In this experimental study, carbide tool (K10) having different tool nose radius and tool rake angle is used. Experiments are conducted based on the established Taguchi’s technique L18 orthogonal array on a lathe machine. It is found that the depth of cut is the cutting parameter, which has greater influence on cutting forces. The effect of the tool nose radius and tool rake angles on the cutting forces are also considerably significant. Based on statistical analysis, multiple regression model for cutting forces is derived with satisfactory coefficient (R2). This model proved to be highly preferment for predicting cutting forces.

关键词： unidirectional glass fiber reinforced plastics (UD-GFRP) composites     machining     cutting forces (tangential     feed and radial force)     ANOVA     regression modeling     carbide tool (K10)    

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Co-pyrolysis of oil sludge with hydrogen-rich plastics in a vertical stirring reactor: Kinetic analysis

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1570-3

摘要：

● Collaborative treatment of plastics and OS was established to improve oil quality.

关键词： Oily sludge     Pyrolysis     Polyethylene     H/Ceff ratio     Oil quality    

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塑料加工成型技术的最新研究进展

瞿金平

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第10期   页码 58-68

摘要：

依据塑料工业发展低耗、高效、环保型“绿色”加工成型技术的重大需求，随着塑料塑化输运方法的不断演变与创新，在塑料动态加工成型方法和设备的基础上提出和研究了基于拉伸流变的塑料加工成型方法和技术，着重讨论了拉伸形变支配的叶片挤压系统中塑料塑化输运过程、叶片挤压系统的技术特征和叶片塑化输运技术的应用。研究结果表明，与传统技术及设备相比较，这种新技术及设备具有加工历程缩短50 %以上、加工能耗降低30 %左右、混合混炼效果好、制品质量提高、对物料适应性广等优异的技术性能。同时发现，新技术及设备在多相多组份复合材料、剪切热敏感高分子材料等物料体系的加工方面具有独特优势。

关键词： 塑料     加工成型     拉伸形变     塑化输运    

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预应力FRP加固工程结构技术研究进展

卢亦焱,陈娟,黄银燊,吴涛

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第8期   页码 40-44

摘要：

围绕国内外预应力FRP加固技术的研究现状以及最新进展，从预应力FRP加固混凝土结构、预应力FRP加固钢结构、预应力FRP加固中关键技术的研究等方面进行了综述。试验研究表明：预应力FRP加固混凝土能显著提高构件的开裂荷载、屈服荷载和极限荷载，改善受弯构件在长期荷载的力学性能，提高构件的疲劳寿命；预应力CFRP加固钢梁后，其屈服荷载和极限荷载相对于对比梁都有明显的提高，其提高的程度随着预应力CFRP的用量和预应力水平的提高而增大；预应力CFRP加固对钢梁的刚度提高作用也比较明显，对低强度的钢材，提高效果更明显；采用预应力FRP加固工程结构的关键问题在于预应力的施加体系、预应力控制值、预应力损失和端部的锚固。

关键词： 纤维增强塑料     加固技术     混凝土结构     钢结构     研究进展    

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Hydrogel photocatalysts for efficient energy conversion and environmental treatment

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 577-595 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0756-x

摘要： Photocatalysts have attracted great research interest owing to their excellent properties and potential for simultaneously addressing challenges related to energy needs and environmental pollution. Photocatalytic particles need to be in contact with their respective media to exhibit efficient photocatalytic performances. However, it is difficult to separate nanometer-sized photocatalytic materials from reaction media later, which may lead to secondary pollution and a poor recycling performance. Hydrogel photocatalysts with a three-dimensional (3D) network structures are promising support materials for photocatalysts based on features such as high specific surface areas and adsorption capacities and good environmental compatibility. In this review, hydrogel photocatalysts are classified into two different categories depending on their elemental composition and recent progresses in the methods for preparing hydrogel photocatalysts are summarized. Moreover, current applications of hydrogel photocatalysts in energy conversion and environmental remediation are reviewed. Furthermore, a comprehensive outlook and highlight future challenges in the development of hydrogel photocatalysts are presented.

关键词： hydrogel     photocatalysts     energy conversion     environmental treatment    

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容易断裂的可降解塑料 Letter

杨栩旭, Jason Steck, 杨加伟, 王叶成, 锁志刚

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第5期   页码 624-629 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.009

摘要：

可降解塑料可以在特定环境中发生降解反应。上述降解反应动态过程的表征，往往通过测量塑料的质量和力学强度随时间的变化来实现。然而在塑料受到非均质降解的情况下，以上表征方法所得到的结果具有不准确性。本文研究了一种非均质的降解过程：可降解塑料在化学和外力的共同作用下，其中的裂纹发生扩展。在外力作用下，裂纹被打开，裂纹尖端暴露于化学侵蚀作用下，使其扩展速率超过整体均质降解速率。本文以聚乳酸（PLA）降解中的裂纹扩展为研究对象。PLA是一种聚酯类塑料，包含可被水解的酯键。使用剪刀在PLA薄膜上引入初始裂纹，然后搭建装置将其撕裂，并用显微镜记录裂纹的扩展过程。最终发现在加载的能量释放率范围内，裂纹扩展速率对载荷的变化不敏感，却对湿度和pH值具有较高的敏感性。这些发现将有助于可降解塑料的发展，并在医疗行业和环境可持续性发展方面具有重要意义。

关键词： 可降解塑料     水解反应     pH值     裂纹扩展    

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Biological conversion pathways of sulfate reduction ammonium oxidation in anammox consortia

Zhen Bi, Deqing Wanyan, Xiang Li, Yong Huang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1217-1

摘要： The SRAO phenomena tended to occur only under certain conditions. High amount of biomass and non-anaerobic condition is requirement for SRAO. Anammox bacteria cannot oxidize ammonium with sulfate as electron acceptor. AOB and AnAOB are mainly responsible for ammonium conversion. Heterotrophic sulfate reduction mainly contributed to sulfate conversion. For over two decades, sulfate reduction with ammonium oxidation (SRAO) had been reported from laboratory experiments. SRAO was considered an autotrophic process mediated by anammox bacteria, in which ammonium as electron donor was oxidized by the electron acceptor sulfate. This process had been attributed to observed transformations of nitrogenous and sulfurous compounds in natural environments. Results obtained differed largely for the conversion mole ratios (ammonium/sulfate), and even the intermediate and final products of sulfate reduction. Thus, the hypothesis of biological conversion pathways of ammonium and sulfate in anammox consortia is implausible. In this study, continuous reactor experiments (with working volume of 3.8L) and batch tests were conducted under normal anaerobic (0.2≤DO<0.5 mg/L) / strict anaerobic (DO<0.2 mg/L) conditions with different biomass proportions to verify the SRAO phenomena and identify possible pathways behind substrate conversion. Key findings were that SRAO occurred only in cases of high amounts of inoculant biomass under normal anaerobic condition, while absent under strict anaerobic conditions for same anammox consortia. Mass balance and stoichiometry were checked based on experimental results and the thermodynamics proposed by previous studies were critically discussed. Thus anammox bacteria do not possess the ability to oxidize ammonium with sulfate as electron acceptor and the assumed SRAO could, in fact, be a combination of aerobic ammonium oxidation, anammox and heterotrophic sulfate reduction processes.

关键词： Anammox bacteria     Autotrophic     Biological conversion     Sulfate reducing ammonium oxidation (SRAO)    

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Pyrolysis of WEEE plastics using catalysts produced from fly ash of coal gasification

Marika Benedetti, Lorenzo Cafiero, Doina De Angelis, Alessandro Dell’Era, Mauro Pasquali, Stefano Stendardo, Riccardo Tuffi, Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0998-3

摘要： Catalytic pyrolysis of thermoplastics extracted from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) was investigated using various fly ash-derived catalysts. The catalysts were prepared from fly ash by a simple method that basically includes a mechanical treatment followed by an acid or a basic activation. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using various analytical techniques. The results showed that not treated fly ash (FA) is characterized by good crystallinity, which in turn is lowered by mechanical and chemical treatment (fly ash after mechanical and acid activation, FAMA) and suppressed almost entirely down to let fly ash become completely amorphous (fly ash after mechanical and basic activation FAMB). Simultaneously, the surface area resulted increased. Subsequently, FA, FAMB and FAMA were used in the pyrolysis of a WEEE plastic sample at 400°C and their performance were compared with thermal pyrolysis at the same temperature. The catalysts principally improve the light oil yield: from 59wt.% with thermal pyrolysis to 83 wt.% using FAMB. The formation of styrene in the oil is also increased: from 243 mg/g with thermal pyrolysis to 453 mg/g using FAMB. As a result, FAMB proved to be the best catalyst, thus producing also the lowest and the highest amount of char and gas, respectively.

关键词： Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) plastic mixture     Pyrolysis     Catalyst     Fly ash     Oil    

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Sustainable conversion regenerated cellulose into cellulose oleate by sonochemistry

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1096-1108 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2317-9

摘要： Derivatization has great potential for the high-value utilization of cellulose by enhancing its processability and functionality. However, due to the low reactivity of natural cellulose, it remains challenging to rapidly prepare cellulose derivatives with high degrees of substitution. The “cavitation effect” of ultrasound can reduce the particle size and crystalline index of cellulose, which provides a possible method for preparing cellulose derivatives. Herein, a feasible method was proposed for efficiently converting regenerated cellulose to cellulose oleate with the assistance of ultrasonic treatment. By adjusting the reaction conditions including ultrasonic intensity, feeding ratios of oleic acid, reaction time, and reaction solvent, a series of cellulose oleates with degrees of substitution ranging from 0.37 to 1.71 were synthesized. Additionally, the effects of different reaction conditions on the chemical structures, crystalline structures, and thermal behaviors were investigated thoroughly. Cellulose oleates with degrees of substitution exceeding 1.23 exhibited amorphous structures and thermoplasticity with glass transition temperatures at 159.8 to 172.6 °C. This study presented a sustainable and practicable method for effectively derivatizing cellulose.

关键词： regenerated cellulose     cellulose oleate     sonochemistry     degree of substitution     thermoplasticity    

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simulation of steel reinforced recycled concrete short columns confined by carbon fiber reinforced plastics

Hui MA; Fangda LIU; Yanan WU; Xin A; Yanli ZHAO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第7期   页码 817-842 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0844-y

摘要： To research the axial compression behavior of steel reinforced recycled concrete (SRRC) short columns confined by carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) strips, nine scaled specimens of SRRC short columns were fabricated and tested under axial compression loading. Subsequently, the failure process and failure modes were observed, and load-displacement curves as well as the strain of various materials were analyzed. The effects on the substitution percentage of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), width of CFRP strips, spacing of CFRP strips and strength of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) on the axial compression properties of columns were also analyzed in the experimental investigation. Furthermore, the finite element model of columns which can consider the adverse influence of RCA and the constraint effect of CFRP strips was founded by ABAQUS software and the nonlinear parameter analysis of columns was also implemented in this study. The results show that the first to reach the yield state was the profile steel in the columns, then the longitudinal rebars and stirrups yielded successively, and finally RAC was crushed as well as the CFRP strips was also broken. The replacement rate of RCA has little effect on the columns, and with the substitution rate of RCA from 0 to 100%, the bearing capacity of columns decreased by only 4.8%. Increasing the CFRP strips width or decreasing the CFRP strips spacing could enhance the axial bearing capacity of columns, the maximum increase was 10.5% or 11.4%, and the ductility of columns was significantly enhanced. Obviously, CFRP strips are conducive to enhance the axial bearing capacity and deformation capacity of columns. On this basis, considering the restraint effect of CFRP strips and the adverse effects of RCA, the revised formulas for calculating the axial bearing capacity of SRRC short columns confined by CFRP strips were proposed.

关键词： steel reinforced recycled concrete     CFRP strips     short columns     axial compression behavior     recycled aggregate concrete    

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可生物降解塑料取代传统塑料——对碳排放的影响

Guanyi Chen,Jianyuan Li,Yunan Sun,Zhi Wang,Gary A. Leeke,Christian Moretti,Zhanjun Cheng,Yuan Wang,Ning Li,Lan Mu,Jinyu Li,Junyu Tao,Beibei Yan,Li´an Hou

《工程（英文）》 2024年 第32卷 第1期   页码 153-162 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.10.002

摘要：

In recent years, a great deal of attention has been focused on the environmental impact of plastics, including the carbon emissions related to plastics, which has promoted the application of biodegradable plastics. Countries worldwide have shown high interest in replacing traditional plastics with biodegradable plastics. However, no systematic comparison has been conducted on the carbon emissions of biodegradable versus traditional plastic products. This study evaluates the carbon emissions of traditional and biodegradable plastic products (BPPs) over four stages and briefly discusses environmental and economic perspectives. Four scenarios—namely, the traditional method, chemical recycling, industrial composting, and anaerobic digestion—are considered for the disposal of waste biodegradable plastic product (WBBPs). The analysis takes China as a case study. The results show that the carbon emissions of 1000 traditional plastic products (plastic bags, lunch boxes, cups, etc.) were 52.09–150.36 carbon emissions equivalent of per kg (kg CO2eq), with the stage of plastic production contributing 50.71%–50.77%. In comparison, 1000 similar BPPs topped out at 21.06–56.86 kg CO2eq, approximately 13.53%–62.19% lower than traditional plastic products. The difference was mainly at the stages of plastic production and waste disposal, and the BPPs showed significant carbon reduction potential at the raw material acquisition stage. Waste disposal plays an important role in environmental impact, and composting and anaerobic digestion are considered to be preferable disposal methods for WBBPs. However, the high cost of biodegradable plastics is a challenge for their widespread use. This study has important reference significance for the sustainable development of the biodegradable plastics industry.

关键词： Carbon emissions     Biodegradable plastics     Different disposal scenarios     Daily life consumption     Environmental and economic discussion    

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Dynamic contribution of variable-speed wind energy conversion system in system frequency regulation

Yajvender Pal VERMA, Ashwani KUMAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 184-192 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0185-y

摘要： Frequency regulation in a generation mix having large wind power penetration is a critical issue, as wind units isolate from the grid during disturbances with advanced power electronics controllers and reduce equivalent system inertia. Thus, it is important that wind turbines also contribute to system frequency control. This paper examines the dynamic contribution of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine in system frequency regulation. The modified inertial support scheme is proposed which helps the DFIG to provide the short term transient active power support to the grid during transients and arrests the fall in frequency. The frequency deviation is considered by the controller to provide the inertial control. An additional reference power output is used which helps the DFIG to release kinetic energy stored in rotating masses of the turbine. The optimal speed control parameters have been used for the DFIG to increases its participation in frequency control. The simulations carried out in a two-area interconnected power system demonstrate the contribution of the DFIG in load frequency control.

关键词： doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)     load frequency control     inertial control     wind energy conversion system (WECS)    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

The road to sustainable use and waste management of plastics in Portugal

期刊论文

Microbial biodegradation of plastics: Challenges, opportunities, and a critical perspective

期刊论文

Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of a synthetic mixture representative of packaging plastics residue

Simona Colantonio, Lorenzo Cafiero, Doina De Angelis, Nicolò M. Ippolito, Riccardo Tuffi, Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti

期刊论文

Prediction of cutting forces in machining of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced plastics composite

Surinder Kumar GILL, Meenu GUPTA, P. S. SATSANGI

期刊论文

Co-pyrolysis of oil sludge with hydrogen-rich plastics in a vertical stirring reactor: Kinetic analysis

期刊论文

塑料加工成型技术的最新研究进展

瞿金平

期刊论文

预应力FRP加固工程结构技术研究进展

卢亦焱,陈娟,黄银燊,吴涛

期刊论文

Hydrogel photocatalysts for efficient energy conversion and environmental treatment

期刊论文

容易断裂的可降解塑料

杨栩旭, Jason Steck, 杨加伟, 王叶成, 锁志刚

期刊论文

Biological conversion pathways of sulfate reduction ammonium oxidation in anammox consortia

Zhen Bi, Deqing Wanyan, Xiang Li, Yong Huang

期刊论文

Pyrolysis of WEEE plastics using catalysts produced from fly ash of coal gasification

Marika Benedetti, Lorenzo Cafiero, Doina De Angelis, Alessandro Dell’Era, Mauro Pasquali, Stefano Stendardo, Riccardo Tuffi, Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti

期刊论文

Sustainable conversion regenerated cellulose into cellulose oleate by sonochemistry

期刊论文

simulation of steel reinforced recycled concrete short columns confined by carbon fiber reinforced plastics

Hui MA; Fangda LIU; Yanan WU; Xin A; Yanli ZHAO

期刊论文

可生物降解塑料取代传统塑料——对碳排放的影响

Guanyi Chen,Jianyuan Li,Yunan Sun,Zhi Wang,Gary A. Leeke,Christian Moretti,Zhanjun Cheng,Yuan Wang,Ning Li,Lan Mu,Jinyu Li,Junyu Tao,Beibei Yan,Li´an Hou

期刊论文

Dynamic contribution of variable-speed wind energy conversion system in system frequency regulation

Yajvender Pal VERMA, Ashwani KUMAR

期刊论文